Guides/Business
Business10 min read

Small Business Tax Guide

CIT, VAT, WHT - what small business owners need to know about taxes.

Small Business Taxes in Nigeria

Running a registered company? Here's your guide to business taxation under the Nigeria Tax Act 2025.

Great News for Small Businesses

The 2025 tax reforms are business-friendly:

  • 0% CIT for companies with turnover under ₦50 million
  • Simplified compliance for small businesses
  • Better VAT input credits

Types of Business Taxes

1. Companies Income Tax (CIT)

Rates by company size: Company SizeTurnoverCIT Rate ---------------------------------- SmallUnder ₦50M0% Medium₦50M - ₦200M20% LargeAbove ₦200M30%

Due: Within 6 months of financial year end

2. Value Added Tax (VAT)

Rate: 7.5% on taxable goods and services

Registration: Mandatory if turnover exceeds ₦25 million

What's VAT-able:

  • Most goods and services
  • Professional fees
What's Zero-rated (0%):
  • Exports
  • Basic food items
  • Educational materials
  • Medical supplies
What's Exempt:
  • Financial services
  • Residential rent
  • Public transport
Filing: Monthly, by 21st of the following month

3. Withholding Tax (WHT)

You must deduct and remit WHT when paying: Payment TypeRate -------------------- Rent10% Dividends10% Professional fees10% Contracts5% Directors fees10%

Remit: Within 21 days of deduction

Employee-Related Taxes

PAYE

  • Deduct from employee salaries
  • Remit by 10th of following month
  • Annual returns by January 31

Pension

  • Employer contributes 10%
  • Employee contributes 8%
  • Remit within 7 days of salary payment

NHF

  • 2.5% of employee basic salary
  • Deduct and remit to FMBN

NSITF

  • 1% of employee gross salary
  • Employer bears the cost

ITF

  • 1% of annual payroll
  • If you have 5+ employees or payroll > ₦50M

Tax Calendar

MonthDue ------------ 10th monthlyPAYE remittance 21st monthlyVAT returns 21st monthlyWHT remittance January 31Annual PAYE returns March 31Personal tax returns June 30CIT (Dec year-end)

Compliance Tips

  • Keep proper books - QuickBooks, Zoho, or even Excel
  • Separate personal and business - Use a business account
  • Collect all receipts - Digital storage is fine
  • File on time - Penalties add up fast
  • Use technology - Our calculators help estimate liabilities
  • Use Our Business Tools

    Small Business Tax Guide | TaxHQ | TaxHQ